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There Are Only 3 Extinct Falcons — A Biologist Tells Their Story. Hint: One Is Of Cuban Origin
Falcons are a thrilling species of bird, and with over 35 species roaming the Earth’s skies today, it is alarming to recall that at least three falcon species have gone extinct forever. The story of these birds’ demise provides valuable insights into the devastating consequences of human actions on the natural world.
One of the most striking tales is that of the Cuban kestrel, which lived in western Cuba. According to fossil records, it likely vanished shortly after European colonization began in the 1500s. Unlike other kestrels, this species had unusually short wings and long legs, suggesting a more terrestrial lifestyle. It’s possible that it hunted on the ground for insects, reptiles, amphibians, or small vertebrates.
The ecosystem in which the Cuban kestrel thrived included now-extinct owls and various forest birds. However, with the arrival of Europeans, invasive predators like rats, cats, and mongooses were introduced to the island, which likely devastated the ground-dwelling Cuban kestrel population. Habitat destruction from agriculture and logging could have also played a role in its demise.
Another extinct falcon is the Réunion kestrel, native to Réunion Island in the Indian Ocean. This bird was known only through historical records and a single 1670s account, which described it as a threat to domestic fowl and game. Unfortunately, it was persecuted soon after, and no further sightings were recorded. Further fossil discoveries confirmed its distinct species status. It is believed that this falcon resembled Eurasian kestrels in both form and function, adapted for life in more open habitats. It likely preyed on insects and small vertebrates.
The introduction of rats and cats by humans led to the Réunion kestrel’s extinction around late 17th or early 18th century.
Lastly, we have the Guadalupe caracara from Mexico’s Guadalupe Island. This bird is a close relative of the crested caracara. As documented in fossil records, it scavenged and opportunistically hunted seabird eggs, carrion, and small animals. Sadly, its decline was hastened by deliberate extermination efforts by settlers and goat herders who believed this bird posed a threat to livestock.
The introduction of goats led to severe damage to the island’s vegetation, exacerbating the caracara’s plight. Persecution, habitat degradation, and limited range further contributed to its downfall. The last confirmed sighting was in 1903 when naturalist Rollo Beck captured the final known specimen during an expedition.
Source: www.forbes.com
